Python

Reverse Engineer USB Devices with Wireshark and Python

Reverse engineering an unknown USB device means working out the protocol it uses to talk: the byte sequence that makes it do things. The good news is that most USB devices don’t encrypt their traffic. Everything they send and get back travels in plain sight on the USB bus, and Linux gives you the tools to watch it. Once you know the protocol, a Python script using pyusb can drive the device directly and skip the vendor software.

Building Multi-Step AI Agents with LangGraph

AI agents built on LangGraph run as stateful graphs, not linear prompts. The graph can loop, branch on tool output, retry after a failure, and save its progress. That structure is what lets one agent handle long, multi-step tasks reliably.

Key Takeaways

LangGraph models an agent as a stateful graph, so it can loop, retry, and recover.
The state schema you design up front decides how stable the agent turns out.
Built-in checkpointing lets an agent crash, pause for approval, and resume without lost work.
Conditional edges turn failures into retries instead of dead ends.
One agent task can fire dozens of LLM calls, so plan for cost before you deploy.

Prerequisites

You should know Python 3.11+ and the LangChain basics: LLMs, tools, prompts. The code below uses these versions: